A Review of Phosphate and Borate Sol–Gel Glasses for Biomedical Applications

The sol–gel processing method revolutionizes the biomedical materials field, allowing for customized creation of nano- and porous to help treat toughest challenges in human health. However, this process subsequently produced have mostly been based on silica, particularly terms glasses. Yet, within last two decades, there has increased interest silica-free glass chemistries, such as those borate or phosphate. Attributable their distinct properties which allows linear complete degradation, these compositions shown great promise both hard soft tissue engineering applications, albeit with only a limited number studies glasses created through process. Therefore, review provides an overview advancement nonsilica glasses, by focusing phosphate applications. A comprehensive materials, including well current uses future potential, is discussed.